The garbage classification short board is still less involved by residents.

Five college students from Nanjing University, in order to understand the real promotion of garbage sorting in Hangzhou, used the summer vacation time to run in various communities for a whole month. Today, a 30,000-word research paper was released. After visiting and researching, college students are eager to find a model that can be copied and promoted. However, it turns out that this is a bit difficult in real life.

When Li Siyuan used a computer to draw a flow chart of the classification of Hangzhou residents' garbage, Fang Zhouning of the College of Liberal Arts of Nanjing University couldn't help but ridicule him: "There is such a clear and logical way to show the flow chart, and only you who learn computer, give Li Siyuan children's shoes. Call."

When choosing the theme of summer research, college students turned their attention to the classification of garbage. As a misplaced resource, waste is of great significance to environmental protection and resource recycling. Hangzhou is the pioneer of the national waste sorting city. As early as 2015, the “Regulations on the Management of Domestic Wastes in Hangzhou” was promulgated and implemented.

Three years have passed, what is the status of garbage classification in Hangzhou, and what needs improvement? Focusing on these two themes, Xu Wei is the captain, Fang Zhouning, Chen Qiguan, Yan Wangyang and Li Siyuan, the “Hanger Division”, and The garbage classification made an intimate contact.

Five college students visited the Hangzhou City Appearance and Environmental Hygiene Supervision Center, which is responsible for the garbage classification in Hangzhou. They interviewed the company that has developed the “utility” in recent years, and also visited seven unique garbage. Classified excellent community. "We found that there is no unified model at this stage that can be put aside and practical. In terms of the front-end classification of residential garbage, it is necessary to pay attention to local conditions, and different communities have different modes." Li Siyuan, the first author of the research report Say.

In the end, they sorted out a research report of more than 30,000 words, and “summarized” the two categories of garbage classification patterns of the current residents' life from the surveyed community: community-oriented and community-enterprise cooperation.

1 “Community-led” mode of crossing the river by feeling the stones

Hangzhou is a city where old and new communities are integrated. College students first visited some old communities. Xu Wei found that the old city is mainly concentrated in the urban area of ​​Hangzhou. “These communities have poor infrastructure and low property levels. Generally, the waste sorting enterprises are relatively involved.” Xu Wei said.

Small but complete. The old community does not have a bad classification of garbage, and community workers have their own tricks. In the University Road community, there is a garbage room that is used as a pilot for the classification of community domestic waste. When the garbage is scheduled to be placed, the classified garbage bins will be pulled out from the garbage room for residents to put. After this period of time, the trash can "disappears" and enters the locked garbage room.

The pilot garbage room was specially assigned two cleaners and two volunteers to guide the classification when the residents put in the garbage. When the college students investigated, it was just that the cleaning lady was working. She said: "Most residents are very cooperative, the classification is done very well, and there are a few that do not match the classification. We will persuade and help them. If not, the community workers will come to the door." But there are also some "Nail households" who do not want to be classified, "no way, I can only give them a good class and then put them on."

Zhang Yi, a university road community secretary, explained the situation of community waste classification. “The University Road Community is the first batch of pilots in Hangzhou. No one has done this before, so every step is to cross the river by feeling the stones.”

In another old community, Xinhuafang Community, community cadres will go deep into the residents' homes for guidance and supervision. By distributing classified garbage bins and garbage bags, different colors of garbage bags correspond to different garbage, so that residents can start to classify slowly and gradually cultivate. Residents' classification awareness. Every community uploads checked photos every day for feedback, creating a competitive atmosphere and praising well-made residents. Community workers also went to the site to visit the garbage transportation process, and took photos on the community website to publicize the residents' doubts about the back-end confusion.

In the end, after visiting many old communities, Xu Wei said: “We call the old community's garbage classification community-oriented.” This type of garbage classification is generally undertaken by community organizations to undertake classification work. The main responsible person and supervisor are community organizations. The grassroots party organizations and community self-governing organizations are the main ones, and the direct responsible persons are the cleaners of the property. The promotion of garbage classification is promoted by the streets, community organizations, community-related leaders and volunteers. Garbage collection and disposal The government-led garbage direct transportation company is responsible for kitchen waste and other garbage, and transports them separately.

2 “Community + business cooperation” model inspired by points exchange

Corresponding to the new community is a new type of waste classification model piloted by many communities and new waste sorting companies that emerged in Hangzhou after 2015. On the one hand, it combines the Internet of Things and Internet technology, adopts smart equipment, two-dimensional code garbage bags, etc.; on the other hand, it actively innovates on the basis of the traditional model, and forms a new idea of ​​implementing the responsibility of “barrel system” and district responsibility system.

Li Siyuan is a computer science student. He is very interested in the intelligent garbage classification of the new community. He found that new communities such as Haitian Community and Landsea International Street generally outsourced waste sorting to third-party companies. “The company is responsible for the distribution of smart waste sorting equipment. At the same time, it cooperates with nearby supermarkets. After the residents are correctly classified and put into the smart waste sorting device, they can get the corresponding points and exchange the daily necessities in the supermarket.” Li Siyuan said.

After nearly a year of piloting, the garbage classification of these two communities has been relatively mature, and the Langshi International Street District has also become the Hangzhou municipal waste classification demonstration community.

Judging from the material recycling companies currently involved in waste sorting, the economic benefits of recyclables alone are not enough to achieve profitability, and still require large government subsidies. Song Yadong, assistant general manager of Hangzhou Information Technology Co., Ltd. said: "Paper can be subdivided into dozens of categories, various medicine cartons, newspapers, cover coated paper, etc. Different types of paper have different values, but residents usually do not divide Clearly, all will be mixed together.” After recycling the paper, the material recycling company will eventually sell it to the production company at the lowest paper price, and the economic benefits will be greatly reduced.

3 Improving the universality of household waste classification is still a “pain point”

In Hangzhou, the current pilot community for waste sorting accounts for about one-tenth of all residential areas. Even for pilot communities, the coverage ranges from 20% to 80%, failing to achieve full coverage, especially for some tenants. It is more difficult to manage.

“We feel that the classification of waste is still in its infancy. Compared with non-resident units, the classification of household wastes is more dispersed. Although the government has invested heavily in all aspects of the waste sorting process, it still exists in the community. Difficulties. Not only is the front-end classification of residents difficult, but the correlation between the main parts of the garbage classification is low, and it is difficult to form a complete garbage recycling industrial chain." Xu Wei said.

“Recyclable garbage is also a difficult point in the current classification. As the urban management department gradually bans the recycling of non-standard self-employed households, the high-value recycled materials in the recyclable waste are mainly recovered by enterprises, recycling stations, etc., but some low-value recyclables. Due to the large floor space and low recycling profit, it is rarely recycled, and may be mixed with kitchen waste or other garbage.” Wang Yang added.

When Chen Qi watched it, the garbage classification should be formed from scratch and form habits. At present, it can only be constructed through new interest relations, rewards for points, and supervision of acquaintances. It is a form of interest relationship. At present, the market has not yet been fully developed, and there are blind spots in technology, which can only be gradually advanced.

In view of the current problems in the classification of domestic waste, Liu Jianguo, a professor at Tsinghua University, believes that the current work of classifying household waste is a barrel effect. The long board of the barrel is government-led, fund-guaranteed, top-level design, grassroots innovation, and the short board is still full participation. The speed of determining the overall effectiveness of waste sorting depends mainly on the level of legalization of social governance in China and the prevalence of participation by the whole people. "Garbage classification is a work that needs to be steadily and solidly promoted. It cannot be rushed for success. Government departments, the public, and enterprises must work together to promote each other." Liu Jianguo said.

Editor in charge: Cao

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