Insect pest packaging technology (below)

The susceptibility of pests to ionizing radiation varies from one species to another, and there are also differences between different developmental stages of a pest. The effects of ionizing radiation on various developmental stages of pests are:
(1) The effect of ionizing radiation on the egg period. The eggs of insect pests that have been irradiated with ionizing radiation have ceased to grow and cannot be hatched, resulting in high mortality. For example, the egg of a rice figurine is irradiated with a dose of 10,000 gamma rays for one to two hours after its production, and only 5.5% can develop to hatch. Some eggs of insect pests of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera have a higher lethal dose and require a 100-mm dose of X-rays to stop embryonic development.
(2) Effects of ionizing radiation on the larval stage. The effect of ionizing radiation on the larval stage is to slow down its appetite, stunt growth, and even not to phlegm. For example, valley elephants and rice elephants are exposed to gamma rays in the early stages of development, and a dose of 3 thousand lun can make them unable to develop into adults. Candida larvae do not metabolize after being treated with a dose of 6 thousand len.
(3) The impact of ionizing radiation on the flood season. The susceptibility of pests to radiation is significantly lower than that of larvae. The resistance to radiation in the flood season increases with the increase of age. Affected by ionizing radiation, it will prolong the duration of the pupa, and it will not even be eclosion, because the emergence rate will be reduced, the lifespan will be short, and the gonadal development will produce pathological changes. It will not be able to breed offspring or produce sterile eggs and sperm. Radiation below the lethal dose does not kill pests in the short term, but it can affect its germ cells, because cells that are undergoing division are most sensitive to radiation lethal effects. In the pupal stage before the emergence or in the early stage of adult emergence, the sensitivity of somatic cells and reproduction to radiation is the greatest, and the difference between the sterilization dose and the toxic dose is also the largest. Therefore, this is the best period for causing infestation of insect pests. According to the literature, a variety of pests under the action of ray or gamma ray, the sterilization dose is between 2.5 to 55 thousand. Generally, the required dose of males is much lower than that of females. Fast neutrons have the same effects as gamma rays and gamma rays, but their biological effects are much higher than those of neon rays and gamma rays.
Fourth, microwave and far-infrared pest control packaging technology Microwave refers to the electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of about 1mm to about 1m, the frequency is 300 ~ 300000MHz, also known as UHF.
During microwave transmission, different materials will have different reflection, absorption, and penetration of microwaves. Microwave-treated materials usually absorb microwave energy to varying degrees, especially water content and fat-containing substances, and they absorb microwave energy to convert it into heat.
Microwave insecticide is a pest in the high-frequency electromagnetic field, the body of the body of moisture, fat and other substances by the microwave effect, the molecular vibration occurs, the molecules produce violent friction, generate a lot of heat, so that the internal temperature of the insect body quickly It rises to above 60°C and is therefore lethal.
The microwave insecticide has the advantages of short processing time, high insecticidal efficacy, no damage, no phytotoxicity and the like. However, microwaves have a certain impact on human health and can cause diseases such as anemia, drowsiness, neurasthenia, and memory loss. Therefore, operators should not enter the microwave range with a harmful dose (above 150 MHz) or take necessary protective measures.
Far-infrared rays have a similar effect to microwaves, and are mainly capable of rapidly drying stored articles and directly killing pests. For example, the critical temperature for the death of the bamboo insect pest is 48°C. Using far-infrared radiation and high temperature (up to 150°C), the bamboo insects inside the bamboo product can all be killed. The advantage of far-infrared insecticides is similar to that of microwave insecticides, and it is an effective packaging and control method for controlling pests.
V. Chemicals Pest Control Packaging Techniques There are many types of insecticides that we generally use, but so far there is no insecticide that can control all types of insect pests. Pests also have resistance to insecticides, which reduces the insecticidal efficiency of insecticides. The insecticide insecticide mechanism and application are not the same.
The most commonly used insecticide is pyrethrin extracted from pyrethrum and is a nerve agent. It decomposes quickly at higher temperatures, so it is less toxic to birds and mammals with higher body temperatures, and at higher temperatures the insects are also more resistant to pyrethrin. The symptoms of pyrethrin poisoning are excitement, delirium, paralysis, and death. This is typical of poisoning of nerve agents. Poisonous insect nerves and muscles undergo pathological changes. It is mainly manifested in the destruction of the protein structure of the ganglion and nerve fibers of the brain, the chromatin of nerve cells gathered into a block, vacuoles in the cells, and the chromatin mass gradually disappears; on the other hand, muscle tissue changes and muscles produce air. Bubbles, muscle fibers are separated from each other and nuclei are gathered into small pieces. Pyrethrins have a rapid knockdown efficacy, and many pests die within seconds after touching. Pyrethrin is almost non-toxic to humans and animals and is safe to use.
The use of chemical insecticides usually involves the treatment of insecticides or insecticides in packaging materials, or the addition of insecticides or insect repellents to the packaging containers to protect the contents from insects, such as pyrethrum and butoxy sunflowers. The mixture of flavors can be used in multilayer paper bags, and this mixture is a safe insecticide.